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PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES IN NON-HCV AND HBV IN OUR POPULATION:

INTRODUCTION:

Chronic liver disease in which liver damage slowly by process and persisting over long time.It means it act as slow poison for healthy human body. It is characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrous scar tissue as well as regenerative nodules (lumps that occurs as a result of a process inwhich damage tissue is regenerated.It is already to progressive loss of liver function-cirrhosis is due to alcoholism, but in our population it is prohibited by people due religion, poverty and customs society, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B virus are main role this dangerous disease in our population.

BASIC STRUCTURE OF LIVER:

“Liver is the largest gland in the body weighing about 1.4 k.g in an adult. It is situated under diaphragm in the upper abdomen cavity and is held in place by several ligaments.It is reddish-brown colour and comprise of four anatomical lobes.When viewed from the front the dominant left and right lobes can be seen which are separated by falciform ligament.Situated in a depression on the posterior surface of the liver in the gall bladder, a pear shaped sac which stores bile synthesis by the liver.The liver performs many metabolic functions. It has ability to store and metabolites useful substances such as nutrients,but it breakdown or detoxifying harmful substances to render then inert and less harmful”(Dr.viva Rolfe 2004)

“Liver weighing roughly 1.2-1.6 k.g performs many of the functions necessary for staying healthy. It is located in the right side of the body under the lower ribs and is divided into four lobes of unequal size. Two large vessels carry blood to the liver, the hepatic artery comes from heart and carries blood rich in nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. These vessels divided into smaller and smaller vessels, ending in capillaries. Each lobule is composed of hepatocytes, add, and remove substance from it. The blood then leaves the liver via the hepatic vein, returned to the heart, and is ready to be pumped to the rest of the blood.

Among the most important liver functions are,

Removing and excreting body waste and hormones as well as drugs and foreign substances.

Synthesizing plasma proteins, including those necessary for blood clotting,12 clotting factors are produced by the liver.

Producing immune factors and removing bacteria helping body fight against infection.

Producing bile to acid digestion.

Excretion of bilurobin

Storing certain vitamins, minerals, and sugars.”(Tzanakakis et al 2000)

“Liver is an organ in vertebrates, including humans. It plays a major in metabolism and has a number of functions in the body including detoxification, glucagon storage and plasma proteins sythesis.I t also produces bile, which is important for digestion. It also starts in hepato or hepatic from Greek word for liver, hepar. Hepatocytes play main role in.

Liver produces and excretes bile required for food, some of the drain directly into duodenum and some stored in gallbladder.

Glyconeogensis (formation of glucose from certain aminoacid lactate or glycerol).

Glyucogenolysis (the formation of glycogen from glucose).

Breakdown of insulin and other hormones.

Lipid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, production of triglycerides.

Liver produces coagulation factor, 1(fibrinogen) 11 (prothrombin) v, vii.ix, xi, as well as protein c and proteins and antithrombin.

Liver converts ammonia into urea.”(spiritus2005).

PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF LIVER:

“Liver functions: HEMOSTASIS